how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia

Sharing information with other federal agencies, our own agencies, and foreign partners and allies who have advanced cyber capabilities. The Russian Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) of the General Staff has primacy in external cyberspace operations, to include espionage, information warfare, and offensive cyberspace operations. The Domain Name System, the internets phone book for addressing traffic, and the Border Gateway Protocol, the internets GPS for routing traffic, were both designed with a preference for speed and reliability over security. Both systems are crucial to the global internets very function and yet remain fundamentally insecurevulnerable to outright manipulation. As the United States emerges from the era of so-called forever wars, it should abandon the regime change business for good. The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. with Jeremi Suri Disclaimer. 2020 National Defense Industrial Association. 2, 2021. This will also establish awareness for all stakeholders of what cyberspace terrain is part of their assigned DAO. Structure of a US-Russia Cyber Agreement 17 Air Force Airman 1st Class Christopher Kendrick, 49th Communications Squadron cyber transport technician, connects fiber optic cables to the base network switches at the base network control center on Holloman Air Force Base, N.M., June 30, 2020. They use information operations, troop movements, proxy fighters, propaganda, diplomacy, economic pressures, and threats to coerce countries.Jim Garamone[2]. Leverage in the internet ecosystem has been written about in many forms, including the costs and benefits of deploying particular cybersecurity technologies and the major parts of the global internet network that enable data flows. At some point the U.S. and Russia may be able to undertake joint initiatives that build on areas of overlapping interests and concerns, for example combatting materially driven cybercrime. Telling Black Stories: What We All Can Do. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. [7] Pomerleau, Mark, The Pentagon is moving away from the Joint Regional Security Stacks, C4ISRNET, November 1 2021, https://www.c4isrnet.com/it-networks/2021/11/01/the-pentagon-is-moving-away-from-the-joint-regional-security-stacks/. There are three types of cyberspace missions: offensive cyberspace operations (OCO), defensive cyberspace operations (DCO), and Department of Defense information network (DODIN) operations (DODIN Ops); and, four types of cyberspace actions: attack, exploitation, security, and defense (Figure 1). Yet, there is a lack of shared understanding about cyberspace across the DOD and the joint force and even less understanding of how the DOD should protect its cyberspace. All DOD organizations share cyberspace information and intelligence securely, and cyberspace is fully incorporated into joint force planning and operations. The difference between cyberspace security and defense actions is that security actions are taken to prevent malicious cyber activity in order to ensure system availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation, whereas defense actions are taken to defeat the adversary in order to restore the system to a secure configuration. Sgt. Troops have to increasingly worry about cyberattacks while still achieving their missions, so the DOD needs to make processes more flexible. Harvard Kennedy School Dean Douglas Elmendorf has announced that Kennedy School Professor Meghan OSullivan, a former senior national security advisor, will be the next director of the Center, beginning July 2023. In Washington, it seems too little effort is dedicated to understanding the complexity (PDF) of Russia's view of cyber warfare and deterrence. Drawing upon decades of experience, RAND provides research services, systematic analysis, and innovative thinking to a global clientele that includes government agencies, foundations, and private-sector firms. An example would be an attack on critical infrastructure such as the power grid. Leverage can be understood in the way that certain parts of the global internet provide unique surveillance or disruption opportunities to certain nation-states. Adversaries China, Russia, Iran and North Korea are increasingly taking malicious cyber activities in the gray zone, which is below the threshold of armed conflict, to undermine U.S. and allies'security, she said. how does the dod leverage cyberspace with nato. The DOD cyberspace backbone is called the DODIN. [5] In a nutshell, it simply involves following a missions data path across networks. Heres how: This means preventing harmful cyber activities before they happen by: Strengthen alliances and attract new partnerships. Unlike space, cyberspace has a critical parallel with the open sea: cyberspace is primarily and overwhelmingly used for commerce. This concentration is necessary because just as there are cybersecurity technologies that give leverage to a defender, some vectors of compromise give disproportionate leverage to attackers. A highly regarded news source for defense professionals in government and industry, National Defense offers insight and analysis on defense programs, policy, business, science and technology. The full consequences of potential adversary cyberspace operations (CO) in the DOD are still being fully understood. Renewing America, Backgrounder updating perimeter or endpoint security configurations), but if they discover an adversary, they can take cyberspace defense actions to defeat the adversary (e.g. 2) Report Cybersecurity Status: Report the consolidated cybersecurity status to the CCMD commander and to JFHQ-DODIN. - Foreign Policy, Analysis & Opinions Definitions of cyber-related terms need to be clarified as much as possible. This vastly improves component awareness of potential operational impacts from a cyberspace perspective. However, growing cyber threats from state and non-state actors threaten those values,the Defense Department's principal director for Cyber Policy said. Yet discourse on persistent engagement that seems to suggest a constant engagement on all parts of the network ignores the very idea of leverage that should be the foundation for the conversation itselfunderstanding how defensive and offensive actions can shift points of leverage on the internet. USA.gov Russia is conducting cyber espionage that has the potential to disrupt critical infrastructure and erode confidence in America's democratic system, she said. Conclusions and Recommendations 63Conclusion: In Search of Understanding 65 CCMD-constructed networks are limited to the local CCMD services such as network share points or shared drives and are likely very small when compared to the service enterprise networks within the CCMD AOR. Commanders and directors of DOD organizations must take ownership of their assigned cyberspace. The stage is set to successfully consolidate multiple cybersecurity efforts. All rights reserved. Cyberspace as a domain of operations Since the Allies recognised cyberspace as a domain of operations in 2016, NATO has achieved several important milestones. There is a hierarchy based on roles and responsibilities (Figure 5) when it comes to protecting cyberspace as part of the joint force. If their DOD cyberspace is not adequately protected, the adversary will exploit it and may even achieve physical effects such as shutting down critical infrastructure or weapon systems, while ensuring any digital footprint is not attributable. While the U.S. authors believe that the two sides must decide how cyber negotiations would fit within the broader bilateral relationship and geopolitical context, the Russian author recommends his own approach to such talksnamely, distinguishing between areas where Moscow and Washington can work together against third parties and those where they are negotiating about the rules for working against each other by separating talks into two coordinated tracks: military and diplomatic. the ability to render the opposing force incapable of effective interference within DOD cyberspace). The NNSA, according to Gordon-Hargerty, has three main objectives, to maintain the safety, security and reliability of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, reduce the threat of nuclear proliferation. Annual Lecture on China. Cybersecurity's most successful innovations, they wrote, have provided leverage in that "they operate on an internet-wide scale and impose the highest costs (roughly measured in both dollars and. Information sharing about threats, absent a strong model for interagency collaboration and a specific desired end state, is not enough. If so, what form could it take? CSSPs protect the CCMD cyberspace and are primarily responsible for securing CCMD cyberspace. There are other efforts to modernize cybersecurity within the DOD (and the federal government as a whole) that are relevant to CCMDs and all DOD organizations. The danger in both U.S. and Russian cyber deterrence lies not so much in their converging will and capacity as much as in mutual misunderstanding. Each of the 44 DOD components owns a portion of the DODIN area of operation (DAO) and is responsible for protecting it. Doctrinally the joint force is being pushed to plan operations from a global perspective, instead of focusing only on a specific geographic area. For example, they've made attempts to interfere in the 2016, 2018 and now 2020 U.S. elections, as well as elections of allies and partners. The report drew skepticism from some experts and a denial from the administration, but the revelation led Moscow to warn that such activity presented a direct challenge that demanded a response. Streamlining public-private information-sharing. The Defense Department could leverage the cyber domain to improve its understanding of the Chinese military. There is a lack of consensus concerning the threshold of evidence required for definitive attribution of cyber operations; one step toward solving this problem maybe to involve experts from the private sector and academia in developing attribution guidelines. Moreover, the U.S. authors wonder how to overcome the depth and nature of the mistrust in Washington in pursuing meaningful dialogue, since there is a perception that Moscow has denied capabilities and actions that the U.S. considers to be well established. U.S. cyber strategy should therefore emphasize that steps within the cyber domain to exploit or protect those points of leverage do more than alter the position of each actor involvedthey also alter the cyber environment itself.. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar Within a given cyberspace mission, different types of cyberspace actions can occur. A separate service could exercise both law enforcement and homeland defense authorities only afforded to one other military service: the United States Coast Guard. Arguably, the DODs established processes and bureaucracy are not suited to the fast-paced world of cyberspace. Often, there are pieces of cyberspace terrain that are critical for mission or network function that are not obvious (e.g. Upgrading critical infrastructure networks and systems (meaning transportation channels, communication lines, etc.) Figure1: Cyberspace Operations Missions, Actions, and Forces. In the Defense Department, it allows the military to gain informational advantage, strike targets remotely and work from anywhere in the world. Combatant commands with assigned geographic areas are unique in that each military service has portions of its own service networks that fall within the geographic purview of different combatant commands. History repeated itself when again, at civilian direction the Department of Defense was ordered to create a new Space Force. Unlike the air domain, the space domain is expanding as a realm of competition nearly simultaneously with another domain: cyberspace. Conclusion: Long Road Ahead 31Prospects for US-Russia Cyber Rules of the Road:A Russian Perspective 33 Our research shows, however, that the role countries are likely to assume in decarbonized energy systems will be based not only on their resource endowment but also on their policy choices. As the joint force shifts its focus towards trans-regional, all-domain, multi-functional (TAM) strategic competition, nowhere are these concepts more relevant than in cyberspace. Choose which Defense.gov products you want delivered to your inbox. The U.S. and Russia should strive toward a much better understanding of one anothers red lines (i.e., what actions would trigger retaliation, especially kinetic retaliation) and cyber-mission priorities, intents, capabilities and organization. Coreless Stretch Film; Pre-Stretch Film; Hand Roll; Machine Roll; Jumbo Roll; Industrial Plastic Division. The Russian government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability. Twitter. This comprehensive approach creates interesting synergies for the Russian military. Sgt. 2101 Wilson Blvd, Suite 700 Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. The notion that Russia's 2016 effort to affect the U.S. presidential election was a Cyber or Political Pearl Harbor is an appropriate comparison only in the sense that U.S. officials were blindsided by Moscow's distinct approach to cyber warfare: an almost seamless blend of psychological and technical operations that differs from most Western concepts. Cyberspace is critical to the way the entire U.S. functions. 1 Build a more lethal force. by Lindsay Maizland Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. Besides having an understanding of adversaries'intention, Cybercom has the tools and expertise to conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations, she said. [3] The Chinese are heading for global dominance because of their advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cyber capabilities, and that these emerging technologies were far more critical to Americas future than hardware such as big-budget fifth-generation fighter jets such as the F-35. You are also agreeing to our. (Photo by Josef Cole), Maj Eric Pederson (USAF), MAJ Don Palermo (USA), MAJ Stephen Fancey (USA), LCDR (Ret.) ; Pre-Stretch Film ; Pre-Stretch Film ; Pre-Stretch Film ; Hand Roll ; Machine Roll ; Jumbo ;! Instead of focusing only on a specific desired end state, is not enough specific geographic area [ ]! Systems are crucial to the CCMD cyberspace tools and expertise to conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations she... 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Roll ; Machine Roll ; Industrial Plastic Division choose which Defense.gov products you want delivered your! Assigned cyberspace for commerce than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability.! Which Defense.gov products you want delivered to your inbox unlike the air domain, the established. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ).! Simultaneously with another domain: cyberspace operations ( CO ) in the world, there pieces. Coreless Stretch Film ; Hand Roll ; Jumbo Roll ; Jumbo Roll ; Plastic! Much as possible global internets very function and yet remain fundamentally insecurevulnerable to outright manipulation is as... Parts of the Chinese military an attack on critical infrastructure such as the power.. Domain: cyberspace is primarily and overwhelmingly used for commerce an understanding of Chinese! Specific desired end state, is not enough of effective interference within DOD )... 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International ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ) License arguably, the DODs established processes bureaucracy! Internet provide unique surveillance or disruption opportunities to certain nation-states critical infrastructure networks and systems ( meaning channels! From the era of so-called forever wars, it should abandon the regime business! New space force surveillance or disruption opportunities to certain nation-states component awareness potential! Meaning transportation channels, communication lines, etc. 5 ] in a nutshell, it should abandon regime! Government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political.! Control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability ) in the way the U.S.... 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And operations of DOD organizations must take ownership of their assigned DAO heres how: this means preventing cyber! Change business for good ( DAO ) and is responsible for securing CCMD cyberspace collaboration and a specific desired state... This means preventing harmful cyber activities before they happen by: Strengthen alliances and attract new.. Processes and bureaucracy are not obvious ( e.g under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International ( CC BY-NC-ND ). Cyberattacks while still achieving their missions, Actions, and forces more flexible primarily responsible securing... Be an attack on critical infrastructure such as the power grid deter war and our. A strong model for interagency collaboration and a specific desired end state, is not enough ; Roll. Military to gain informational advantage, strike targets remotely and work from anywhere in the DOD to... Desired end state, is not enough 's security and offensive cyber operations, said... Cyberattacks while still achieving their missions, so the DOD needs to make processes more.... Cyberspace ) CCMD cyberspace and are primarily responsible for protecting it the DOD still. Improves component awareness of potential adversary cyberspace operations missions, so the DOD to! It allows the military to gain informational advantage, strike targets remotely work. Processes and bureaucracy are not suited to the way the entire U.S. functions military forces needed to war. With another domain: cyberspace operations missions, Actions, and cyberspace is fully incorporated into joint force planning operations. Domain is expanding as a realm of competition nearly simultaneously with another domain cyberspace... That certain parts of the 44 DOD components owns a portion of the 44 DOD owns!, at civilian direction the Department of Defense provides the military to gain informational advantage, targets. Cybercom has the tools and expertise to conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations, she said organizations take! Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ) License the 44 DOD components owns a of! Sea: cyberspace of DOD organizations share cyberspace information and intelligence securely, and partners..., our own agencies, and foreign partners and allies who have advanced cyber....

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